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Challenging a Determination by an Adjudicator

A contractor or subcontractor liable to pay an adjudication amount pursuant to a determination by an adjudicator under the Act can apply to have the determination set aside. An application to challenge a determination by an adjudicator under the Act must be made to the Supreme Court of Queensland.  The Supreme Court frequently hands down decisions where it has considered these challenges. There are limited grounds available to challenge a determination. The grounds to set aside a determination are limited to jurisdictional error. Jurisdictional error is a complex area of law and can be difficult to evaluate in any given case. Examples of jurisdictional error committed by an adjudicator in making a determination under the Act include, inter alia, the adjudicator: For example, on 9 September 2025 the Court declared an adjudication decision void in the matter of Pico Play Pty Ltd v Coast Entertainment Operations Limited [2025] QSC 227 https://www.sclqld.org.au/caselaw/157819  In that particular matter, the adjudicator had decided that he did not have jurisdiction to determine the adjudication for two reasons.  The claimant (Pico) applied for a declaration that the decision was void for jurisdictional error – i.e. that the adjudicator ought to have accepted that he had jurisdiction and determined the amount owing.  The adjudicator’s determination was declared void but it is unclear how the matter was then dealt with, perhaps it returned for a fresh determination by the adjudicator or a different one. But it is worth noting the time cost of the dispute – the payment claims were served on 28 January, 2025, the adjudication application was made on 25 March, 2025, the adjudication determination was given on 22 April, 2025, the proceedings filed on 1 May 2025, the matter was heard by the Court on 23 June 2025, and the decision given on 9 September, 2025.  There would also be attendant financial cost and cashflow considerations for parties to disputes such as these. Justin Mathews, partner of our firm can be contacted on 07 5574 0111 or via email at justinm@qbmlaw.com.au to provide advice and assistance with respect to all aspects of the adjudication process. Meet The Author! Meet the author of this blog article, Justin Mathews. Over the next several weeks, we will post a series of articles relating to Queensland building and construction matters written by Justin. Justin is a registered Adjudicator in Queensland under the Building Industry Fairness (Security of Payment) Act 2017 and also in the Northern Territory under its security of payment legislation, and an accredited specialist in commercial litigation.  He represents a number of Queensland building contractors and other parties in building and construction disputes both through the adjudication process and in the various state courts of Queensland, New South Wales, and Northern Territory, as well as advice in relation to contractual matters, and QBCC regulatory matters including matters involving the statutory warranty scheme. In these articles Justin will discuss a number of matters of interest to members of the Queensland building and construction industry. For enquiries concerning building matters, Justin can be contacted by email justinm@qbmlaw.com.au or Ph: (07) 5574 0111.

Adjudication Process

The adjudication process starts by the claimant (the contractor owed money) filing an Adjudication Application in the QBCC, together with its supporting material.  This is done online. Once it is filed, then the application and supporting material has to be served on the respondent (the person who owes the money) in accordance with the Act, and a registered adjudicator is appointed to determine the application.  Many adjudications fail because the adjudicator considers that they do not have jurisdiction to determine the dispute.  If that happens, then the claimant  will usually have to pay the adjudicator’s costs.  Assuming though that the adjudicator has jurisdiction, then the adjudicator will decide what amount (if any) is payable, the due date for payment, and the interest rate that applies.  The respondent to the claim has the opportunity to file an adjudication response.  In that response, the respondent provides materials and an explanation for why they say that no amount or a lesser amount is owing.  That response also has to be given within a strict time period. The adjudicator will often call for submissions from the parties and will determine the application taking into account those submissions and the supporting documents.  This decision has to be made within a very strict and short timeframe, and generally, the adjudicator will require their fee to be paid before releasing their decision to the parties. If the adjudicator has found that the respondent is liable to pay an amount (called the “Adjudicated Amount”), then it must be paid within the timeframe provided for by the Act and a judgment can be registered in a court and enforced.  In some cases, a claimant can lodge a charge under the Act for the Adjudicated Amount over certain real property owned by the respondent.  This charge is generally available to a person contracting with the land owner, but would not usually be available for a subcontractor against (say) a builder, because the builder does not own the project property. This ability to lodge a charge on land is a very powerful tool to be used in the appropriate circumstances.  A decision of an adjudicator does not always finalise the dispute between the claiming contractor and the respondent.  There are continuing rights available to both, including for the party disappointed by the decision to make further claims outside of the adjudication process as the adjudication process is intended to avoid payment disputes starving the claimant of money, but recognise that this process does not allow for the full articulation of all matters between the parties.  In my next post, I will discuss challenging an adjudicator’s decision. Meet The Author! Meet the author of this blog article, Justin Mathews. Over the next several weeks, we will post a series of articles relating to Queensland building and construction matters written by Justin. Justin is a registered Adjudicator in Queensland under the Building Industry Fairness (Security of Payment) Act 2017 and also in the Northern Territory under its security of payment legislation, and an accredited specialist in commercial litigation.  He represents a number of Queensland building contractors and other parties in building and construction disputes both through the adjudication process and in the various state courts of Queensland, New South Wales, and Northern Territory, as well as advice in relation to contractual matters, and QBCC regulatory matters including matters involving the statutory warranty scheme. In these articles Justin will discuss a number of matters of interest to members of the Queensland building and construction industry. For enquiries concerning building matters, Justin can be contacted by email justinm@qbmlaw.com.au or Ph: (07) 5574 0111. Also Read: Queensland’s security for payment legislation – the Building Industry Fairness (Security of Payment) Act 2017 Responding to payment claims

Starting an Adjudication

Following on from my earlier articles concerning Queensland’s Building Industry Fairness (Security of Payment) Act, the adjudication process is open to a contractor where an amount owed under a payment claim is not paid by the due date, or a payment schedule has the payment amount less than the amount in the payment claim. Since adjudication is a fast-track process to enable contractors and subcontractors to recover monies owing pursuant to a progress claim to maintain steady cashflow, it is the preferred recovery option available to contractors and subcontractors. While it is intended to assist people in the building industry, the adjudication process is highly technical, if it is not made within the required time, or served correctly, the adjudicator will not have jurisdiction to determine the claim and it will fail, most likely with an obligation for the claiming party to pay costs.  It has to be filed with submissions properly made and include supporting documents and evidence substantiating the amount in the payment claim. As a registered adjudicator and having decided numerous adjudication applications under the Act, I have found it often to be the case that adjudication applications are poorly put together, lacking the evidence required to establish the amount claimed in a payment claim and that the applications often do not comply with the strict requirements under the Act.  An adjudication application made that lacks evidence or is not compliant with the essential requirements of the Act will not succeed, or may succeed with an adjudicator but the decision may be set aside by the Supreme Court, usually because the adjudicator had no jurisdiction where a requirement of the Act was not met, and the costs to the unsuccessful claimant can be quite enormous if that occurs. Parties to payment claim disputes would usually benefit by the assistance of someone who acts in these matters and understands the requirements and processes, the kind of evidence that is necessary and the critical dates to meet.  Because of the potential loss of rights, early advice is recommended. In my next article I will discuss the adjudication process further. Meet The Author! Meet the author of this blog article, Justin Mathews. Over the next several weeks, we will post a series of articles relating to Queensland building and construction matters written by Justin. Justin is a registered Adjudicator in Queensland under the Building Industry Fairness (Security of Payment) Act 2017 and also in the Northern Territory under its security of payment legislation, and an accredited specialist in commercial litigation.  He represents a number of Queensland building contractors and other parties in building and construction disputes both through the adjudication process and in the various state courts of Queensland, New South Wales, and Northern Territory, as well as advice in relation to contractual matters, and QBCC regulatory matters including matters involving the statutory warranty scheme. In these articles Justin will discuss a number of matters of interest to members of the Queensland building and construction industry. For enquiries concerning building matters, Justin can be contacted by email justinm@qbmlaw.com.au or Ph: (07) 5574 0111. Also Read: Queensland’s security for payment legislation – the Building Industry Fairness (Security of Payment) Act 2017 Responding to payment claims

Responding To Payment Claims

If you have received a payment claim for building work and do not believe that it is owed or there is an offsetting claim, you must respond by serving a valid Payment Schedule on the ­earlier of 15 business days after the payment claim is received, or a shorter period if specified in the contract.  Many contracts provide for an earlier time for the response, so care has to be taken to act quickly. The requirements for a valid Payment Schedule in Queensland  are: Many contracts provide for making a payment certificate in response to a progress claim and sometimes that obligation accelerates the time for giving a payment schedule.    It is critical to have the payment schedule served within the proper time if there is any dispute as to the payment, because if you do not: Firstly, the claimant can sue for the amount claimed in a payment claim in court, and you are unable to defend or counterclaim for matters that ought to have been in the payment schedule; Second, if the contractor starts the adjudication process you cannot run arguments to liability on the basis of what ought to have been in the payment schedule; Third, the contractor can suspend work until payment is made. The requirements of the Act are quite technical and often contractors and subcontractors do not properly follow the processes correctly, losing rights.  Obtaining assistance from a lawyer who works in the building and construction area gives protection against that. In my next article I will discuss the adjudication process. Meet The Author! Meet the author of this blog article, Justin Mathews. Over the next several weeks, we will post a series of articles relating to Queensland building and construction matters written by Justin. Justin is a registered Adjudicator in Queensland under the Building Industry Fairness (Security of Payment) Act 2017 and also in the Northern Territory under its security of payment legislation, and an accredited specialist in commercial litigation.  He represents a number of Queensland building contractors and other parties in building and construction disputes both through the adjudication process and in the various state courts of Queensland, New South Wales, and Northern Territory, as well as advice in relation to contractual matters, and QBCC regulatory matters including matters involving the statutory warranty scheme. In these articles Justin will discuss a number of matters of interest to members of the Queensland building and construction industry. For enquiries concerning building matters, Justin can be contacted by email justinm@qbmlaw.com.au or Ph: (07) 5574 0111. Also Read: Queensland’s security for payment legislation – the Building Industry Fairness (Security of Payment) Act 2017 Starting an Adjudication